之前吴昊写过el7升级el8的版本，见https://blog.whsir.com/post-7019.html
同样的，el8升级至el9依然依赖AlmaLinux的ELevate项目，但是不同于el7升级el8，升级el8时，可以选择多种版本升级路线，但是从el8升级el9就变得单一，比如当前是RockyLinux8，根据ELevate官方介绍，仅能升级到RockyLinux9，ELevate项目升级和迁移方向图示如下。
本文基于RockyLinux8环境，升级RockyLinux9，理论适用于其它版本。
1、更新update
请在升级前，升级当前RockyLinux8版本为最新，更新完成后建议重启一次
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dnf update -y |
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reboot |
2、安装elevate库
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yum install -y http://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/elevate-release-latest-el$(rpm --eval %rhel).noarch.rpm |
3、安装leapp包以及升级包
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yum install -y leapp-upgrade leapp-data-rocky |
注：如果你是其它版本要升级到9.x则需要安装对应的包，我这里是RockyLinux8所以是leapp-data-rocky
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leapp-upgrade leapp-data-almalinux leapp-upgrade leapp-data-centos leapp-upgrade leapp-data-eurolinux leapp-upgrade leapp-data-oraclelinux |
4、升级前检查
执行升级前检查命令，Leapp会创建一个/var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt文件，这个文件会包含可能出现的问题以及推荐的解决方案，在检查阶段，不会安装任何rpm包组。
注：如果你当前不允许root登录，则需要执行以下命令，放通root
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sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config |
执行升级前检查命令
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leapp preupgrade |
5、问题处理
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============================================================ UPGRADE INHIBITED ============================================================ Upgrade has been inhibited due to the following problems: 1. Inhibitor: Detected RPMs with RSA/SHA1 signature 2. Inhibitor: A YUM/DNF repository defined multiple times Consult the pre-upgrade report for details and possible remediation. ============================================================ UPGRADE INHIBITED ============================================================ |
可以通过/var/log/leapp/leapp-preupgrade.log查看具体问题情况。
问题一：我这里的问题是当前存在使用SHA-1哈希算法的数字签名的包，在el9中不允许使用SHA-1，所以需要在leapp-preupgrade.log中找到对应的包并卸载掉，否则无法升级。
问题二：因为我这里安装了内网的yum源，和默认的源冲突了，所以我需要把冲突的源解决掉，如果你没有改动过yum源的话，一般也不会出现yum源的报错。
注：报错要结合实际情况进行处理，比如我这里检查通过，但是执行升级时又报Error: Transaction test error:
file /usr/share/redhat-logos from install of rocky-logos-90.15-2.el9.x86_64 conflicts with file from package rocky-logos-86.3-1.el8.x86_64问题，所以我就继续卸载rocky-logos包，强烈建议在测试环境做好充分测试，测试通过不表示升级就一定成功！！！
问题修复后，再次执行l检查命令
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leapp preupgrade |
看到以下内容，即表示检查通过，可以开始升级了
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============================================================ REPORT ============================================================ A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.json A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt ============================================================ END OF REPORT ============================================================ |
6、开始升级
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leapp upgrade |
看到以下内容表示升级通过，可以进行reboot重启操作
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A reboot is required to continue. Please reboot your system. Debug output written to /var/log/leapp/leapp-upgrade.log ============================================================ REPORT ============================================================ A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.json A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt ============================================================ END OF REPORT ============================================================ Answerfile has been generated at /var/log/leapp/answerfile |
7、重启系统
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reboot |
在重启后引导时会自动选择Elevate-Upgrade-Initramfs
升级完成后，还会自动重启，二次自动重启完成后就是最新的RockyLinux9系统了
8、内核清理
升级到RockyLinux9后，系统还保留着老的内核，如确定不再需要，可以进行移除操作
可以通过以下命令，查看当前已存在的内核
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rpm -qa | grep kernel |
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kernel-modules-4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64 kernel-4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64 kernel-modules-4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64 kernel-core-4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64 kernel-core-4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64 kernel-4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64 kernel-tools-libs-5.14.0-427.18.1.el9_4.x86_64 kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-427.18.1.el9_4.x86_64 kernel-core-5.14.0-427.18.1.el9_4.x86_64 kernel-modules-5.14.0-427.18.1.el9_4.x86_64 kernel-tools-5.14.0-427.18.1.el9_4.x86_64 kernel-5.14.0-427.18.1.el9_4.x86_64 |
使用dnf remove移除多余的内核版本
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dnf remove kernel-4.18.0 kernel-modules-4.18.0 kernel-core-4.18.0 |
此时重新启动后，老的4.18内核不复存在。
原文链接：RockyLinux8升级RockyLinux9版本，转载请注明来源！
